FuncClass

GlycoEnzDB
Comprehensive glycoEnzyme database and dynamic pathway generation

Description: The GlycoEnzDB is a manually curated glycoEnzyme database, primarily focused on humans. It covers 390 enzymes across 28 pathway maps. Facilities are also available to create custom glycosylation reaction pathways using experimental data in SBML format and for pathway simulation
Contacts: Sriram Neelamegham (neel@buffalo.edu), Yusen Zhou (yusenzho@buffalo.edu) or Ted Groth (tgroth@buffalo.edu).

GlycoEnzDB
Create glycosylation pathway
Custom database generation
Instructions/Reference
 

Pathway Map

EXT2



General Information
Gene Symbol:   
EXT2
Protein name:   
Exostosin-2
Enzyme Class:   
Glycosyltransferase
CAZy Family:   
E.C. No:   
Organs:   
Reaction (SNFG):   
+
+ UDP
Reaction (IUBMB):   
No specified reaction.

About

• The initiation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis is catalyzed by an αGlcNAc transferase activity that is termed ?GlcNAcT-I?. Addition of GlcA (HS-GlcAT-II) and GlcNAc (GlcNAcT-II) then ensues to form an HS backbone.
• These activities are mediated by several enzymes of the EXT (EXT-1/2) and EXT-like (EXTL-1/2/3) gene family. EXTL-1, -2 and -3 all have only HexNAc transferase activity, and they were discovered after EXT1/2. EXT1/2 have dual enzyme activity.
• EXTL3 has both GlcNAcT-I activity and GlcNAcT-II activity. Thus, it participate in both chain initiation and extension. EXTL3 knockout is embryonic lethal, it is most likely responsible for adding the first GlcNAc to the tetrasaccharide linker to initiate HS chain extension by EXT1/EXT2. Homozygous mutation of EXTL3 has recently been found to cause severe developmental delay.
• EXTL2 (α1,4-N-Acetylhexosaminyltransferase) catalyzes the transfer of a α(1-4)GlcNAc or alternatively α(1-4)GalNAc residue from UDP-GalNAc/GlcNAc to the core oligosaccharide representing the GAG-protein linker (i.e. GlcNAcT-I activity). EXTL2 is widely distributed in various mammalian tissues and cells as well as in serum. α-GalNAc activity of EXTL2 may suppress HS biosynthesis, as this can no longer be extended by EXT1/EXT2. EXTL2 knockout mice is largely normal but shown various defects when challenged with disease models.
• EXTL1 only has GlcNAcT-II activity.
• EXT1 and EXT2 form a heterodimeric complex of Type II-proteins in cis-Golgi. EXT1-EXT2 interaction and core proteins are critical and required for the heparan chain polymerization reactions.
• EXT1 (Exostosin) and EXT2 both have GlcAT and GlcNAcT activities (i.e. they are bifunctional) and are together responsible for HS chain polymerization. Knocking out either EXT1 or EXT2 is embryonic lethal.
• Even heterozygous mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 led to reduction in HS biosynthesis and can cause a bone disease called Exostosis.


Related Pathway
KEGG ORTHOLOGY:   
KEGG Pathway:   
Reactome:   

Related Database
Organism:   
Homo sapiens
Uniprot:   
NCBI GeneID:   
GlyMap GeneID:   
DNA aRefSeq:   
Protein RefSeq:   
BRENDA:   
OMIM number:   
GeneCards database:   

Enzyme Specificity
Glycan Type:  
     GAG
Compartment:  
     ER, Cis, Medial, Trans, TGN
Substrate:  
     GlcNAc(a1-4)GlcA(b1-3)
Product:  
     GlcA(b1-4)GlcNAc(a1-4)GlcA(b1-3)
Constraints:  
     !IdoA(a1-4)&!GlcN(a1-4 NS-2)

Simulation Parameters
Mechaelis-Menten parameters (suggested)
VM:       (pmol/cell • hr)       KM:       (pM)
Relative conc of enzymes in compartment.(sum will be normalized to 1)
ER Cis- Medial- Trans- TGN











Expression Data in Tissue {ref. 5} Source from NCBI gene database
adrenal appendix bone marrow brain colon duodenum endometrium esophagus fat gall bladder heart kidney liver lung lymph node ovary pancreas placenta prostate salivary gland skin small intestine spleen stomach testis thyroid urinary bladder 40 30 20 10 0 RPKM
Expression Data in Cells {ref. 13} Source from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database
Kidney Lung Breast Prostate Large intestine Ovary HL60 haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue Skin Central nervous system 786O A498 ACHN CAKI1 UO31 A549 EKVX HOP62 HOP92 NCIH226 NCIH23 NCIH322 NCIH460 NCIH522 SHP77 BT549 HS578T MCF7 MDAMB231 MDAMB468 T47D DU145 PC3 HCT116 HCT15 HT29 KM12 SW620 OVCAR4 OVCAR8 IGROV1 SKOV3 HL60 K562 RPMI8226 LOXIMVI MALME3M RPMI7951 SKMEL28 SKMEL5 UACC257 UACC62 SF268 SF295 SF539 SNB75 300 200 100 0 Transcripts per million (TPM)
Transcription factor {ref. 10}
Transcriptional start site (TSS) 0 200 -2000 -1800 -1600 -1400 -1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200
ENST00000343631 ENST00000358681 ENST00000395673 ENST00000529186 ENST00000533608 TAL1 SMAD4


miRNA-GlycoEnzyme Interactome {ref. 9}
miRNA Name Pos. Context Score Frac. Wt. Context Frac. Conserved Quality
hsa-miR-3649 802-809 -0.47 98.0 -0.124 80.0 noncon
hsa-miR-1295b-3p 2663-2670 -0.4 97.0 -0.006 31.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6802-5p 129-136 -0.399 96.0 -0.399 97.0 noncon
hsa-miR-3135a 2328-2335 -0.382 96.0 -0.006 27.0 noncon
hsa-miR-634 1097-1104 -0.379 98.0 -0.102 83.0 noncon
hsa-miR-2355-5p 388-395 -0.372 98.0 -0.372 99.0 noncon
hsa-miR-3907 548-555 -0.364 96.0 -0.364 97.0 noncon
hsa-miR-424-5p 1069-1076 -0.364 97.0 -0.099 80.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4758-3p 1911-1918 -0.359 97.0 -0.005 37.0 noncon
hsa-miR-497-5p 1069-1076 -0.356 97.0 -0.097 80.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6838-5p 1069-1076 -0.353 97.0 -0.096 79.0 noncon
hsa-miR-664b-5p 372-379 -0.352 94.0 -0.352 96.0 noncon
hsa-miR-1207-3p 283-290 -0.344 98.0 -0.344 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-16-5p 1069-1076 -0.335 97.0 -0.092 79.0 noncon
hsa-miR-15b-5p 1069-1076 -0.335 97.0 -0.092 78.0 noncon
hsa-miR-15a-5p 1069-1076 -0.335 97.0 -0.092 78.0 noncon
hsa-miR-195-5p 1069-1076 -0.335 97.0 -0.092 79.0 noncon
hsa-miR-34a-3p 2792-2799 -0.331 98.0 -0.005 55.0 noncon
hsa-miR-3144-3p 2857-2864 -0.328 96.0 -0.005 31.0 noncon
hsa-miR-526b-5p 145-152 -0.326 98.0 -0.326 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-26b-3p 826-833 -0.324 97.0 -0.089 81.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6810-5p 1283-1290 -0.323 97.0 -0.005 40.0 noncon
hsa-miR-1914-5p 539-546 -0.322 97.0 -0.322 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-8089 1454-1461 -0.322 97.0 -0.005 28.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6827-5p 291-297 -0.321 93.0 -0.321 95.0 noncon
hsa-miR-218-1-3p 454-461 -0.32 96.0 -0.32 97.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4667-5p 1454-1461 -0.319 97.0 -0.005 25.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4802-3p 310-317 -0.315 98.0 -0.315 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6793-5p 135-141 -0.315 95.0 -0.315 96.0 noncon
hsa-miR-339-5p 2405-2412 -0.311 95.0 -0.005 42.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4700-5p 1454-1461 -0.309 97.0 -0.005 26.0 noncon
hsa-miR-1972 721-728 -0.307 97.0 -0.084 78.0 noncon
hsa-miR-549a 2907-2914 -0.299 95.0 0.0 0.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4524a-5p 1070-1076 -0.297 93.0 -0.082 76.0 noncon
hsa-miR-188-3p 969-976 -0.297 93.0 -0.082 74.0 noncon
hsa-miR-301b-5p 902-909 -0.296 98.0 -0.082 92.0 noncon
hsa-miR-301a-5p 902-909 -0.296 98.0 -0.082 92.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6748-3p 340-347 -0.283 94.0 -0.283 95.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4685-5p 1995-2001 -0.281 94.0 -0.004 40.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4313 1574-1581 -0.279 91.0 -0.004 20.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4660 2483-2489 -0.279 95.0 -0.004 36.0 noncon
hsa-miR-766-3p 353-360 -0.276 97.0 -0.276 97.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4524b-5p 1070-1076 -0.275 92.0 -0.076 75.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6837-5p 1995-2001 -0.274 94.0 -0.004 36.0 noncon
hsa-miR-7112-3p 2938-2944 -0.273 94.0 0.0 0.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4469 41-48 -0.27 97.0 -0.27 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-936 645-651 -0.269 94.0 -0.075 72.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4677-5p 148-155 -0.265 97.0 -0.265 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-545-3p 2789-2796 -0.265 97.0 -0.004 35.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6814-5p 512-519 -0.264 97.0 -0.264 98.0 noncon
hsa-miR-3913-5p 804-811 -0.263 98.0 -0.073 90.0 noncon
hsa-miR-1343-3p 2257-2264 -0.259 95.0 -0.004 39.0 noncon
hsa-miR-580-5p 1111-1118 -0.256 98.0 -0.071 90.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4684-3p 1087-1094 -0.256 94.0 -0.071 73.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4291 1949-1956 -0.255 95.0 -0.004 35.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4530 351-358 -0.255 95.0 -0.255 97.0 noncon
hsa-miR-5088-5p 2167-2174 -0.255 93.0 -0.004 39.0 noncon
hsa-miR-5089-3p 1489-1496 -0.253 92.0 -0.004 25.0 noncon
hsa-miR-4661-3p 568-574 -0.252 92.0 -0.252 94.0 noncon
hsa-miR-3191-5p 904-910 -0.251 96.0 -0.07 79.0 noncon
hsa-miR-6769b-5p 127-133 -0.25 94.0 -0.25 96.0 noncon